Australia s Health Care System - 1673 Words

1.0 Introduction Health expenditure1 results when funds are spent on health goods and health care service delivery and this can either by borne by government or non-government bodies such as private health insurers and even individual citizens. Since the implementation of universal health insurance in 1984, Australians have had a health care system that consists of government and a combination of public and private financing. Australia has struggled2 to maintain its long-held and often-tested commitment to universal access to health care. The Australian Government expenditure on health3 was estimated at $154.6 billion in 2013–14. Governments provided $104.8 billion (or 67.8%) of total health expenditure, which represented about 25% of taxation revenue (unchanged from 2012–13). The non-government sector share of total expenditure increased from 30.0% in 2011–12 to 32.2% in 2013–14. Funding by individuals was the fastest growing area of non-government sector expenditure over the decade. 1.1. Problem Statement Australia, like most other developed countries, is experiencing an increase in the demand for health care4 in conjunction with a rise in health care costs which are a result of ageing population, increase in multi disease burden such as the likes on Non-communicable diseases and the need for complex and sometimes expensive forms of medical treatment. In order to ensure that health care systems are responsive to public demands and needs, alternative means ofShow MoreRelatedAustralia s Health Care System1054 Words   |  5 PagesMedicare System apply to, why is it put into place and what does it involve? How is it governed, funded and regulated? And the current issue within the system which need to be addressed. Who does the Medicare System apply to, why is it put into place and what does it involve? According to the World Health Organization, a health system is all relating activities whose primary purpose is to promote, maintain and aid the health and wellbeing of people (WHO 2013b). Furthermore, good health systemsRead MoreAustralia s Health Care System1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Health care systems in Australia have one of the most affordable, accessing and comprehensive in the world. Access is the right to enter into and able to use the health care system. Australians have enablers and barriers that may affect their health care system. Barriers have limited or, no access to health care as consumers can have poor understanding of how to access health services, language difficulties for instance medical jargon’s or not understanding English at all, financial crisis andRead MoreThe Impact Of Racism On The Health Of Indigenous Australians911 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in Australia has always been a controversial element of our country and still continues on in toda y’s society. Our nation is a bigot country, and the history of Australia shows it continuously has been. Racism majorly impacts the health of Indigenous Australians. The impacts reflect on the life expectancy and mental health of the Indigenous Australians who are then racially criticised in our health system. This paper will explore the impacts that racism in Australia has on Indigenous AustraliansRead MoreThe Role Of Governmental Public Health Agencies Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care is the true measure of a country is how a country responds to the health of its people. A country that has a strong emphasis on its health care and focuses the delivery of that care speaks volumes of that country. In this paper, we will be comparing and contrasting the role of governmental public health agencies in two different countries. While looking at these similarities and differences in the way two countries operate their individual, healthcare systems, we will also equate t heRead MoreHealth Care Systems Of Israel And Australia915 Words   |  4 PagesIsrael and Australia both have very similar health care systems, both healthcare systems charge people through their income taxes. The health care systems consists of institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. Australia’s and Israel’s health care system has both a public sector and private sector, However Australia has Medicare that helps subsides some of the cost that some medical procedures may cost as well as prescription medicationsRead MorePolitical And Economic Theories And Systems That Influence Community Services Work1399 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical and economic theories and systems that influence community services work. The Commonwealth of Australia is both a representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as Australia s head of state. (How government works, 2016). Since the 1990s globalization has gained widespread currency in Australia on a social, economic, political and cultural level. (Holmes, 2012, p. 340) Laws and politics have an influence on Australia’s economic system, which is capitalism and socialismRead MoreHealth Care and Stage Dementia Support Essay example1302 Words   |  6 PagesIn this assignment, I researched about the health problem, dementia. Dementia is one of the serious health problems Australia encounters. This is due to the fact that the aging of population in Australia is increasing. Thus, the number of people who are diagnosed as dementia is increasing every year. Brown Edwards (2005) suggested that there are approximately 18,000 new cases of dementia in Australia every year. Harris, Nagy and Vardaxis (2006) stated  ¡Ã‚ ®dementia is a progressive organic mentalRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health Care System1087 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between these. Australia is made up of many interconnected, culturally diverse societies and as our country grows, so does our cultural diversity. Our primary health care system is riddled with conflict based upon religion, ethnicity, culture and beliefs. All people from all cultures have the same potential for health and disease but it is the social determinants of health that shape the inequities within the Australian health care system. The definition of health is fluid, ever changingRead MoreHealthcare Systems Vs. Australian Healthcare System1471 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing paper is based on the differences between two healthcare systems in two different countries, these systems are the Australian healthcare system which is Medicare, and England’s National health system which is known as the NHS. Starting with the organizational structure of the NHS, it is basically an umbrella organization that comprises of four regional branches, in particular, NHS (England), NHS Scotland, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland and NHS Wales. The financing for all theseRead MoreEssay on Health of People Living in Rural Australia1521 Words   |  7 Pageshave negative influences on the individual. There are 35 % of the total population in Australia living in rural area(Phillips, 2009).Rural areas in Australia and all over the world are not geographically isolated and disadvantaged only but also culturally and economically deprived which has great consequences on the health status of the population. The main two factors that have a major effect on rural health are socioeconomic status and cultural issues(Beard, Tomaska, Earnest, Summerhayes, Morgan

Persuasive Essay On Racial Profiling - 1486 Words

Racial Profiling is an act of automatically defining or identifying someone based on their ethnicity. This act was most recognized during the late 1800’s in the U.S. under the Jim Crow law. It was passed in order to segregate whites and the colored in America. It fundamentally made whites superior to all. Though, in 1964 the Civil Rights Act passed stating that anybody of any ethnicity or religion are to be equal and united. However, today this law has never been truly accepted when seeing the statistics of the type of people being stopped by the police. In fact, based on the statistics of the people stopped, there is an ethnic disproportion which shows that the police use racial profiling. Even though innocent people are stopped, the†¦show more content†¦Racial profiling is a controversial issue because although police use it to prevent crime, the opposing view claims that innocent people are stopped for no logical reason making them feel unequal. In fact, in the art icle â€Å"I was Racially Profiled in My Own Driveway† by Doug Glanville, is an example of why people oppose this, it shows how a police officer stopped and questioned a black man (himself) shoveling his own driveway even when it was out of his own jurisdiction. Little did the police know but the man was Doug Glanville, a retired MLB player, trying to clear out snow. However, not knowing who Glanville was, the police was under the impression that Glanville was out in the neighborhood trying to make money. Nonetheless, as soon as the police officer found out that Glanville was shoveling his own driveway of his household, he paces away. As Glanville clarifies, â€Å"After a few minutes, he headed back to his vehicle. He offered no apology, just an empty encouragement to enjoy my shoveling. And he was gone† (Glanville 8). What Glanville is really saying here is that a cop went out of his jurisdiction just to confront Glanville because he is black and was in a wealthy neig hborhood. This ultimately ruined Glanville’s day by wiping off his smile since he had been racially profiled as a suspicious suspect to the police. This is a clear example on why people are against the use ofShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling1414 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling Due to a Lack of Communication Imagine walking down the street one day with your friends, minding your own business when a police car pulls up next to you. As the car comes to a stop, a police officer rushes out with a gun in hand pointed at you. You are thrown to the ground, pinned under the officer, questioning what you did wrong. As you look around for help you realize that you have become the next victim of racial profiling. Racial profiling is the use of race or ethnicRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling806 Words   |  4 PagesRacial profiling is a problem that continues to happen to this day. This situation is something which happens to everyone especially minorities. Minorities are more likely to be pulled over by police officers rather than white people just because of the color of their skin, which is really unfair because their time is being wasted getting pulled over when they could be doing something else. Racial profiling has been happening forever, which has caused many people to be st opped and strictly checkedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling903 Words   |  4 Pagespolice. Racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individuals race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. This is similar to criminal or offender profiling, the analysis of a persons psychological and behavioural characteristics, so as to assess whether they are likely to have committed a crime under investigation. Both seem to be similar, but make no mistake that racial profiling is illegalRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling1488 Words   |  6 PagesRacial profiling existed back in the 18th century when black slaves were abused and oppressed by white men even those who didn’t own slaves. Throughout history, racial profiling still continues to be a controversial issue today. It’s practiced everyday. Racial profiling means using an individual’s race or ethnicity against them of committing a crime. This means oppressing other races to feel inferior and accusing others to a certain stereotype. Racial profiling is when a black person in ripped jeansRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Assata Shakur 1316 Words   |  6 Pageshypocritical and devious people for blaming black people small crimes while they’ve committed atrocities. Assata’s persuasive use of antithesis shines light on the outrageous and unethical motives of the white man because their bias contradicts their values. She appeals to African Americans to convince them to work together because she believes that they are possible solutions that can resolve racial inequalities. She acknowledges that, â€Å"Every revolution in history has been accomplished by actions, althoughRead MoreThe Myth Of The Latin Wom I Just Met A Girl Named Maria868 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† is a short essay in which the award winning poet and professor of English, Judith Ortiz Cofer, wishes to inform and persuade the audience that labels and stereotypes can be humiliating and hurtful. The author targets the general public, anyone that doesn’t understand that putting someone in a box because of a stereotype is wrong. Cofer starts out the essay by telling the reader a story with a drunk man who re-enacted â€Å"Maria† from theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Squint and the Wail Rhetorical Analysis â€Å"The Squint and the Wail† is an essay by Michael Hsu. Hsu, a Taiwanese American author and editor, wrote this essay in order to express his views on the negative connotations that occur with some of the racially charged objects present in society. More specifically, the essay deals with the stereotypical nature of The Chin Family. The Chin Family is the name of Stefano Giovannoni’s tabletop collection, which includes salt and pepper shakers that haveRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement2959 Words   |  12 Pageswithout slavery, the Civil Rights Movement, and other racially motivated movements. Race (and racism, unfortunately) is what makes America, America. For this essay, I will be exploring the question: Is there still a racial issue in America, predominantly, against blacks? Also, I will be exploring if stereotypes are related to racial profiling, if the media affects racism, and if racism is still present in the 21st century, in particul arly, since President Barack Obama got elected as the United StatesRead MoreThe New Threat : Racism Without Racists2278 Words   |  10 PagesIt has been many decades since the end of enslaving African-Americans in the United States of America and the laws – since then – have tried to impede discrimination of all kinds especially racial profiling. The debate of racism has never stopped even in January 20th, 2009 when the American nation elected its forty-fourth president of the United States who was the first African-American president in the entire American History. â€Å"Racism is over,† many people became very excited and delighted, â€Å"AmericaRead MorePolice Discretion Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay a discussion will be explored about the benefits and problems associated with police use of discretion. Which current policing strategies have the most potential for controlling officer discretion and providing accountability, and which have th e least, and why is that the case? And finally, how might these issues impact the various concerns facing law enforcement today? Police behavior is different across all communities. In fact, how police react to combat crime is affected by the

Family Health Assessment Essay - 1401 Words

Family Health Assessment Karen Youngblood Grand Canyon University February 02, 2012 Family Health Assessment Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 proposed functional health patterns as a guide establishing a comprehensive nursing data base(Kriegler amp; Harton, 1992). Gordon’s11 functional health patterns are; health perception/ health management, nutrition, pattern of elimination, activity/ excerise, cognitive, sleep/ rest, self perception/ self concept, roles/ relationships, sexuality, coping/ stress and values/ beliefs. By using these categories it’s possible to create a systematic and standardized approach to data collection and enables the nurse to determine the following†¦show more content†¦This family has a very good perception of health and solid value system. Nutrition aseesment is focused on the patterns of food and fluid consumption relative to metabolic needs (Kriegler amp; Harton, 1992). Nutrition in the Semanovich family is well balanced. This family eats three meals a day with snacks. Fruits and vegetables are eaten in large quantities and limited carbohydrates and sugars. They allow themselves one day a week to eat fast-food. Water consumption and teas are the main fluids consumed in this household. This has not always been the way the Semanovich family ate, their life style changed when Mrs. Semanovich was diagnosed with Diabetics. The Semanovich family has learned the eat healthy to maintain their current health and prevent problems associated with diabetes. Sleep and rest assessment focus is on the individuals sleep, rest and relaxation practices (Kriegler amp; Harton, 1992). Mrs. Semanovich and the kids sleep an average of 8-9 hours a night but Mr. Semanovich works long hours. He wakes up early and gets home late also he is going back to school right now, after coming home from work he does homework. Mr. Semanovich sleeps an average of 4-5 hours a night which causes problems within their family structure. Mrs. Semanovich works full time also and cares for the kids before and after school by herself due to her husband’sShow MoreRelatedFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The AmericanRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment1884 Words   |  8 Pages Family Health Assessment The family assessment involves a simultaneous data collection on individual family members or if able the whole family. The nurses and other healthcare professionals interview individuals and family as a whole to understand and assess the health of the family. This interview help professionals detecting the possible origin or factors contributes to the family’s health problems. The Gordon’s functional health pattern will be used as a model to collect and organizeRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns.Read MoreFamily Health Assessment1375 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Using Gordon’s functional health patterns to assess a family will guide the nurse in developing a comprehensive nursing assessment that is holistic in nature. Gordon’s functional health patterns are founded on 11 principles that are incorporated within the nursing practice. These 11 principles serve as a framework for a thorough nursing assessment in which to build a holistic and individual family care plan (Grand Canyon University, 2011). The author has developed family-focusedRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1150 Words   |  5 Pagesremember the family has an important role in the paradigm of health promotion for the patient. The roles in which the family plays in assisting the patient and providing care are crucial to the health of the patient and the well being of the family as a whole. One tool to assess not only a patient and their views on different aspects of health, but an entire family or even community is Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. This as sessment tool incorporates eleven topics of health patterns. Health patternsRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1461 Words   |  6 PagesHeritage Assessment: Evaluation of families, cultures and views on health Anniemae Stubbs Grand Canyon University Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion NURS 429 Professor Alma Celaya June 19, 2016 Heritage Assessment: Evaluation of families , cultures and views on health Cultural Heritage is a concept that is passed on from one generation to the next that depicts how people live, act, behave, or think. It can be a noticeable or vague manifestation. It includes various customsRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1085 Words   |  5 PagesFAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT This assessment was conducted after interviewing the Nelson family using Gordon’s functional health pattern. Marjorie Gordon developed a method to be used by nurses in the nursing process to provide a comprehensive nursing assessment. It includes eleven principles for the collection of data and helps the nurse identify two or more wellness nursing diagnoses. It is a systematic and standardized approach to data collection (â€Å"functional health† n.d.)Read MoreHealth Assessment Of Families And Their Health1399 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is directly related to the activities in which we participate in, the food we eat, and the substances to which we are exposed to daily. Where we live and work, our gender, age, and genetic makeup also impact our health. (Nies, 2011) Assessments of family’s health are to help focus on the control and prevention of diseases. Health assessment assist in determining an individual’s perception of their quality of life along with the family’s perception as a whole. This also helps to define a person’sRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1465 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family health and wellness can be influenced by many factors such as society, culture, religion, and family members. Somehow, society, culture, religion and families are connected to each other. To understand an individual, it’s important to understand the family system of an individual. Health practices, whether effective or ineffective, are activities performed by individuals or families as a whole to promote health and prevent disease (Edelman, 2010). A family healthRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1537 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Health Assessment Melody Moore Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Instructor: Renita Holmes May 10th 2013 Family Health Assessment A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelmanamp;Mandle, 2011).Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 in which she proposed functional health patterns as a guide to establishing a comprehensive data base.(Kriegleramp;Harton,1992).Gordon’s eleven functional health

Leadership and Bureaucratic Organizational Structure †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Bureaucratic Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to investigate, describe and analyse change management at Enviro- a part of the Ruba-SEZ Group. Ruba SEZ is an investment management group that commenced its operations in 1971 (Ruba SEZ Group 2017). The mission of this organization is to contribute to the economic and social growth of Pakistan through its business activities. The group involves multiple divisions such as investment, electronics, automotive, consumer division such as furniture, foam and others that diligently product and distribute high quality products and services. The organization is headquartered at Mega Town Lahore, Pakistan thereby employing between 500-1000 employees who contribute to its success (Ruba SEZ Group 2017). The organization aims to develop its future and currently operates in six countries. The organization is Pakistans first privately owned Special Economic Zone that enables the investors to benefit from the infrastructure and reducing cost to improve competence (Ruba SEZ Group 2017). Enviro is a part of the Ruba SEZ Group that designs and manufactures an extensive range of innovative lifestyle solutions. Enviro has a broad range of products and services that makes them a trusted leader with high reputation and quality. The organization has a strategic and customer focused approach for developing and selling high quality products at an affordable price that raises the standard of living (Business Recorder 2015). The organization is committed to spread across Pakistan so that they can enjoy a better lifestyle through a wide range of appliances, power solutions and consumer electronics at affordable prices (Business Recorder 2015). This report shall analyse and provide recommendations regarding change management. Firstly, the purpose of reason behind the change required is analysed. Further, the change process implemented at Enviro is stated. A critical analysis of the change process is conducted that helped in identifying challenges. Certain recommendations or solu tions are suggested that could help manage the change management process (Ruba SEZ Group 2017). As the organizational vision is to have two spirits, entrepreneurship and innovation, which are the genes for Enviros unchangeable culture. The organization continually tries to improve ourselves. Enviro uses outdated in-house enterprise resource planning systems. It led to issues such as loss of control and causing the system to crack down. The previous system had obsolete accounting procedures and policies. There is a need to change the IT system so that the sales, stock liquidation and other financials can be refined in a manner that avoids loss of control. As the old systems are not very comprehensive in daily business transactions, the efficiency gap increased. Therefore, there is a need of change for the new system (Albu and Dumitru 2015). Analysis of Change Process Change occurs in the organizations for different reasons. The change was decided in a meeting on 24th February 2016 in the head office at Lahore. The meeting held put forward about the idea of new system- Oracle EBS. The reasons for which new IT system was necessary was stated. The meeting also comprised of demonstrations and benefits that could be gained with the change in software system. The two proposals were SAP and Oracle e-business suite. The main actors of this meeting were IT head, Chief Financial Officers and superusers (Laudon and Laudon 2016). Stating Objective- In the first step, the objective of change management was stated. The new ERP aims to make rapid transactions in the regular business affairs. It shall also enable to give control over the business rather that the business unit has been losing (Hayes 2014). Current review and future success- In the second step, the current state and future state was reviewed. The current bugs in the software were recognized as it took greater transaction time. The type of bugs that appeared in the software was analyzed. The loss cases were analysed that lead to declination in profits at Enviro. The old system was compared to the new system by stating the advantages that can be gained through the implementation of ERP. The ERP can result in future success as it can improve productivity, decrease costs and streamline processes (Taipaleenmki and Ikheimo 2013). Planning- In the next step, the deliverables that shall result from the change management can be provided. The degree of change required for change implementation is also measured. The resources required to materialize change was noted in terms of finance, human resources and technology. The cost of change and time available to implement the change without causing loss to the organization was analyzed (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013). Implementation- The change was implemented by organizing finance, physical and human resources. The in-house team engaged with the vendors or external stakeholders so that they could adapt to change. Milestones were set to ensure that the action plan was implemented properly. Meeting was conducted that was used to discuss the implementation and guide for the usage of ERP system. The ERP system was also tested if it helped in making rapid transactions and fix the bugs that appeared previously. After the testing was successful, the processes were integrated so that the change could be implemented (Cameron and Green 2015). Training- The next step involved training the employees in the organization. Training sessions were arranged so that the employees could gain knowledge about the operations of ERP system. Further, the training sessions were organized by the trainers so that on-the-job training could be provided and help the employees adapt to the new system. The superuser was allocated that gave different privileges to the system administration. Meeting was conducted again to assess if the employees faced difficulty in adapting with the new ERP system (Hornstein 2015). Evaluation- The last step involved evaluation of users. The employees shall be asked to provide feedback and reviews if they faced benefits after adapting to the new ERP systems. Any additional resources required as human resource, physical infrastructure or finance shall be analyzed (Van der Voet 2014). Challenges Faced during Change Management Multiple challenges were faced in the process was that there was time-line restriction. Change had to be implemented in a limited period of time that made its success questionable. There were challenges faced as the stakeholders were not willing to accept change. As the employees have been used to the old systems for financial and accounting purpose, it was difficult for them to adapt to change. Further, there was discrepancy in communication lines. The executives were not as involved as they should be while implementing change. There was a rise in departmental issues as they were linked to one another (Worley and Mohrman 2014). As there was communication gap between the departments, adapting to the change was difficult. There was cost incurred as the entire IT system had to undergo a change. The vendor schedule was disrupted as the change required investment of time and resources. If the activities and transactions were put to hold, the vendor schedule incurred losses. There was conflict between the IT and finance department. The IT department suggested the need for change, but the finance department was not very supportive of it as the change in infrastructure required investment. When the testing was conducted for SAP and Oracle, it was noted that there was testing failure. The potential reasons due to which it failed was that there was an under-estimation of resources required. A better set of trainers and more number of knowledgeable professionals could help in implementation. It was also challenging to implement the ERP system as not all the employees were comfortable with the training. The test cycles were often cut as the schedule was tight that left certain defects undiscovered (Talburt, Williams, Redman, and Becker 2014). It is analyzed that there are multiple challenges faced by Enviro such as time line restriction, departmental issues, testing failures, super users, communication, stakeholders, implementation failures and others. These issues need to be addressed in the following ways- Meetings- There is a need to conduct effective meetings for managing change. The meetings need to be planned by selecting appropriate participants. The meetings must be started on time after the agenda has been developed. The desired outcome depends upon the activities that are required to be carried. The objective of the meeting must be made clear. No other issue shall be discussed in the meeting apart from the change management involved in IT system. Evaluation of the meeting must be done by making satisfaction checks in every 10 minutes. For follow up, the people must be mailed with the memo within 24 hours of the meeting. Casual Events- For making the employees more acquainted with the change management process, casual events may be conducted. The casual events shall be based on the IT theme that can help educate the people in the organization. They shall also be able to witness the acceptance of latest ERP and other technologies in the firms that has provided them with competitive advantage. The IT professionals must engage with the remaining employees and departments in the organization so that they can initiate change in any department required. These events can change the overall mindset of the employees in the organization (Altamony, Tarhini, Al-Salti, Gharaibeh and Elyas 2016). Giving rights power to super user- In computing, the superuser is a special user account used for system administration. By giving rights or permissions of power to super user, the ordinary user shall be able to do many things that the ordinary user cannot. The accounts privilege shall be given to the ordinary user that can make the testing and implementation of the change management process smoother (Wu, Fang, Wang, Yu and Kao 2014). Cost Cutting Measures- In the midst of change management, the replacement of IT systems shall require heavy cost as the new software and IT systems need to be updated. It causes increase in cost that needs to be cut down. It is necessary to reduce cost for creating a healthy business. The processes in the entire organization and supply chain shall be standardized. The actions that can create end to end value stream maps also include processes outside the department. Standard issues and problems that are causing increase in cost such as faulty practices and others needs to be cut (Seamans and Zhu 2017). Late payables to vendor due to vary schedule- Vendor payment plays an important role in engaging and creating a strong image. However, the vendor schedule may be hampered as the new IT system shall be updated. During change initiation and implementation, the systems might not be at work. Therefore, the vendors must be convinced for late payments. The schedule for their payment might be delayed till the time when IT system is successfully implemented. Late payables shall allow Enviro to meet its immediate cost. Also, it shall give the employees to have sufficient time to adapt to the IT process (Romano 2015). Conflict Management between IT and finance- The conflict management between the finance and IT departments needs to be managed. As the IT department argues to bring a change management and modify the IT systems, the finance department argues that the cost of such change management shall disrupt the budget. Therefore, the IT department needs to call for a meeting and discuss with the finance department about the change management needed (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Development with late sittings to deal with testing failures- The testing failures needs to be managed by developing late sittings. There is a requirement for greater time devotion by the IT team so that testing can be done thoroughly. It must be noted that the ERP needs to be checked thoroughly for errors and tested so that the previous bugs can be fixed. It is suggested that the resources such as finance, human and physical resources must be sufficient to meet the testing needs. On the job training needs to be provided for sufficient testing which can be scheduled after the normal office hours. Implementation rescheduling, demands and needs analysis- The implementation of the ERP system can be enhanced by rescheduling demands and needs analysis. The demand and needs for the change management needs to be identified. The vision of the organization must be communicated in the meeting. The employees must understand the urgency to adapt to the change required. Effects after Change Management After implementation of change management, the following effects may be observed- User resisted but adapted- The users or administrator shall be limited but they shall be able to adapt with the latest technology. Fast transactions- The modern ERP can help Enviro in making quicker transactions. The decisions should be made based on the most up to-date real time information. Accurate and timely insights can help managers proactively make adjustments at any time. The business landscape today necessitates fast action and systems to support effective decision making (Langley, Smallman, Tsoukas and Van de Ven 2013). Oracle Standards usage (World standards) - Oracle applications help in developing the application fully. It shall provide industrial strength support for on-lone backup and recovery to disk failure. It has the capability to support even large databases that can help Enviro in managing its multiple business ventures. The high integrity of data storage using Oracle shall be competitive in comparison to the other bigger multinationals (Kuipers et al. 2014). Proper usage of setup- The integrated software systems can help in proper usage of setup. It allows Enviro to move orders, product, invoice, and process faster. The new IT setup shall be beneficial as it shall serve the needs of the organization properly. Setting up the right processes for automating decisions should be an easy process and with a flexible platform these processes can be adjusted and fine-tuned as the business changes and grows. Some network issues- The networking issue that exist at Enviro can be resolved. The old software may cause delay in processes and result in network issues. The modern ERP may result in improved network systems across the organization. Manual lock result in more control- The business activities can be controlled by ERP in a better manner. As manual lock shall be provided by restricting access, an ordinary user shall not be able to use the administrator settings in the software. Further, the business activities such as sales and customer management can be resolved as ERP controls these activities (Mitra 2016). Conclusion Conclusively, the above report involves change management at Enviro, a part of the Ruba-SEZ Group. Enviro has a broad range of products and services that makes them a trusted leader with high reputation and quality. The previous system had obsolete accounting procedures and policies. As the old systems are not very comprehensive in daily business transactions, the efficiency gap increased. The two proposals were SAP and Oracle e-business suite. The current bugs in the software were recognized as it took greater transaction time. The degree of change required for change implementation is also measured. Meeting was conducted that was used to discuss the implementation and guide for the usage of ERP system. Further, the training sessions were organized by the trainers so that on-the-job training could be provided and help the employees adapt to the new system. There were challenges faced as the stakeholders were not willing to accept change. As the employees have been used to the old sy stems for financial and accounting purpose, it was difficult for them to adapt to change. The actions that can create end to end value stream maps also includes processes outside the department. References Albu, C.N., and Dumitru, V.F., 2015. The impact of the interaction between context variables and enterprise resource planning systems on organizational performance: A case study from a transition economy.Information Systems Management,32(3), pp.252-264. Altamony, H., Tarhini, A., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A. and Elyas, T., 2016. The relationship between change management strategy and successful enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(4), pp.690-703. Business Recorder, 2015.JW Enviro: Ruba-SEZ claims achieving sale target. [online] Business Recorder. 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